The Benefits of Lime and Fertilizer

Most people only apply lime and fertilizer when the fields are struggling. However, this may not solve the problem and could in fact make things worse. Soil fertility changes over time, so it is important to have a current soil test. Recommendations based on a soil test will ensure the correct product is applied at the right time, at the appropriate rate, and in the correct locations. The most common pasture amendments include lime, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.

A lime application will raise the soil pH. A pH in the range of 6.2 to 6.8 maximizes the ability of the grass to access nutrients in the soil. Within this range, soil microbes are most active. They break down organic matter and fix nitrogen to make it plant available. In addition, many nutrients are released from the soil to the plant when the pH is in the optimum range. The active component of ag lime is calcium carbonate, making lime an important source of calcium to the soil. However, overliming will result in a pH that is too high, which cannot be fixed easily. Take care to apply lime only where needed. Apply a high-quality ag lime to ensure effective treatment. Lime applications can be made anytime of the year with no grazing restrictions.

The macronutrient components of fertilizer are nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. These are considered macronutrients since they are required in relatively large quantities to sustain plant life. On all fertilizer labels, the amount of nitrogen is listed first, followed by phosphorus, then potassium.

Nitrogen plays a key role in the growth and nutritional value of the forage. Nitrogen is a major component of chlorophyll and protein production within the plant. Due to the role of nitrogen in plant growth, the timing of application largely determines its efficacy. When applied in the spring, nitrogen causes lush, excessive top growth and additional weed growth. The resulting low fiber grasses do not provide the balanced nutrition horses require. Autumn applications allow the plant to utilize the nitrogen for strengthening its root system, resulting in thicker sod.

Phosphorus aids in the energy production and overall stability of the plant. It is essential for root health as well as the development of new growth. Some areas of the world have naturally high phosphorus levels in the soil, making additional phosphorus applications unnecessary. Other soils are naturally high in calcium, and appropriate phosphorus applications are needed to balance these levels.

Potassium contributes to the hardiness and vigor of the grass. Adequate potassium helps regulate water retention and nutrient uptake. It allows the plants to withstand stresses such as drought, extreme temperatures, and disease.

Field treatments based on soil test results benefit the condition of the soil, health of the plants, and quality of the forage.  These applications maximize the field care budget and improve overall nutrient management.

Seasonal Tip:

Avoid spreading compost on frozen ground.